Sciences, Healing Arts, and Technical Arts
Anthropology
Science
The study of human beings, cultures, societies, customs, kinship systems, material life, and social development. It includes field observation, comparative study, ethnography, and the interpretation of human behavior across time and place.
Archaeology
Science
The study of past human life through material remains. It includes excavation, artifact analysis, dating methods, site interpretation, preservation, and reconstruction of vanished settlements, industries, and cultures.
Architecture
Technical Art
The design of buildings and built environments. It includes structure, proportion, materials, habitability, symbolic design, urban setting, and the coordination of artistic purpose with engineering reality.
Astronautics
Technical Art / Science
The study and operation of spacecraft, orbital systems, space travel, and life beyond planetary surfaces. It includes launch systems, orbital mechanics, spacecraft design, vacuum operations, and survival in space environments.
Biology
Science
The study of living organisms and life processes. It includes cells, reproduction, anatomy, physiology, adaptation, heredity, ecosystems, and the classification and behavior of living things.
Botany
Science
The study of plants, fungi-like practical categories where applicable, and plant life systems. It includes identification, growth, reproduction, cultivation, ecology, plant diseases, useful species, and plant-derived materials.
Chemistry
Science
The study of substances, reactions, mixtures, compounds, and transformations of matter. It includes laboratory method, acids and bases, metals, gases, fuels, dyes, solvents, explosives, medicines, and industrial processes.
Cybernetics
Technical Art / Formal Discipline
The study and practice of control systems, automated processes, feedback, computation, programming, and machine-assisted decision-making. It includes software, system logic, robotics, automation, networks, and adaptive machines.
Dentistry
Healing Art
The care, repair, and study of teeth, jaws, gums, and oral disease. It includes extraction, restoration, prosthetics, pain control, infection management, and the relation of oral health to general health.
Electrodynamics
Technical Art / Science
The mastery of electrical power, current, generation, storage, transmission, motors, transformers, batteries, and large-scale electrical systems. It includes both theory and the practical handling of dangerous power.
Electronics
Technical Art
The design, repair, and use of circuits, sensors, radios, controls, instruments, semiconductors, and signal devices. It deals with information-bearing electricity, precision control, communications hardware, and small-scale electrical systems.
Engineering
Technical Art
The application of mathematics, science, design, and practical judgment to create reliable systems, machines, structures, and processes. It includes planning, testing, failure analysis, safety margins, materials, and the conversion of theory into working things.
Geology
Science
The study of the earth, stone, minerals, strata, fossils, landforms, and geological time. It includes mining knowledge, earthquakes, erosion, groundwater, volcanism, and the material structure beneath landscapes.
Informatics
Technical Art / Formal Discipline
The organization, storage, retrieval, classification, and use of information. It includes databases, archives, indexing, records systems, knowledge management, metadata, and the design of systems that make information usable.
Mechanisalism
Technical Art
The mastery of machines, mechanisms, engines, power transmission, moving parts, and mechanical systems. It includes repair, design, diagnosis, fabrication, maintenance, and the practical behavior of machinery under use.
Medicine
Healing Art
The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness and injury in human beings. It includes clinical judgment, internal disease, examination, therapeutics, public health awareness, and the management of patients over time.
Mining
Technical Art / Useful Craft
The extraction of useful minerals, stone, ores, fuels, and underground resources. It includes prospecting, tunneling, ventilation, drainage, blasting or cutting methods, ore handling, safety, and the reading of mineral ground.
Nursing
Healing Art
The care of the sick, injured, recovering, disabled, young, elderly, and dying. It includes observation, hygiene, wound care, medication support, comfort, records, patient handling, and the continuous practical work of keeping patients alive and stable.
Pathology
Healing Science
The study of disease processes, injury, tissue changes, causes of death, and abnormal function. It includes autopsy, laboratory diagnosis, infection, degeneration, inflammation, tumors, and the interpretation of bodily evidence.
Pharmacology
Healing Science
The study of drugs, poisons, medicines, dosages, effects, interactions, preparation, and safe use. It includes therapeutic substances, toxic substances, administration, side effects, and the relation between chemistry and treatment.
Physics
Science
The study of matter, motion, energy, force, light, heat, sound, fields, and the laws governing the physical world. It includes mechanics, optics, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, and the mathematical description of natural behavior.
Pilotage
Technical Art / Physical Art
The skilled operation of vehicles under demanding conditions. It includes aircraft, spacecraft, ships, ground vehicles, unusual machines, navigation under motion, emergency control, and the judgment needed to move safely at speed or under hazard.
Psychiatry
Healing Art
The medical study and treatment of mental illness, emotional disorder, severe distress, and disordered thought or behavior. It includes diagnosis, clinical interviewing, institutional care, therapy, medicines, and crisis management.
Psychology
Science / Formal Discipline
The study of mind, behavior, emotion, learning, memory, personality, perception, and social response. It includes testing, observation, counseling theory, human development, abnormal behavior, and practical understanding of people.
Surgery
Healing Art
The treatment of injury, deformity, disease, and obstruction through operative intervention. It includes anatomy, instruments, wounds, bleeding control, amputation, repair, infection prevention, anesthesia where available, and decisive action under bodily risk.
Veterinary
Healing Art
The medical care of animals. It includes diagnosis, treatment, surgery, birthing, lameness, parasites, herd disease, nutrition, working-animal fitness, and the relation between animal health and human livelihood.
Zoology
Science
The study of animals, their bodies, behavior, classification, evolution, habitats, and ecological roles. It includes identification, anatomy, life cycles, adaptation, animal populations, and relations between animals and environments.